Bunker Mentalities: The Shifting Imaginaries of Albania’s Fortified Landscape

نویسندگان

چکیده

Between 1967 and 1986, the Albanian government built an estimated 750,000 small medium-sized military bunkers for defense purposes. These concrete constructions were spread across country’s territory, with many concentrated along borders beaches, in cities, near key industries, strategic points, transportation infrastructure. Long symbols of communist regime, after it collapsed 1991, lost their purpose. As a result, both narratives surrounding actual uses experienced significant transformations. Originally designed to control instill fear population, have since been abandoned, destroyed, graffitied, as might be expected. More notably, local entrepreneurs transformed some into hotels or restaurants, while state non-profit organizations turned others commemorative sites that respectively glorify expose regime’s undertakings. Our ethnographic research discursive material shifts Albania’s fortified landscape, based on several field trips, interviews investigations carried out between 2007 2017, identifies four contemporary “bunker mentalities” Albania: indifference, derision, commodification, commemoration.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Borders in globalization review

سال: 2022

ISSN: ['2562-9913']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18357/bigr32202220783